Generalization of Tichonov and Hausdorff ‎Separation Axiomes in Intuitionistic Fuzzy ‎Special Topological Spaces

هدفنا من هذا البحث هو تعميم تعريف بديهية فصل تيكنوف وبديهية الفصل هاوسدورف  في الفضاءات التبولوجية  الحدسية الخاصة ودراسة العلاقات بين هذه الفضاءات مع الفضاءات التبولوجية الحدسية الخاصة  من نوع  (X, τ2) و (X, τ1) من جهة والفضاءات التبولوجية الحدسية الخاصة  من نوع (X, τ 0,2)و  (X, τ0,1)  من جهة اخرىOur goal in this paper is to give definitions of generalized of Tichonov and Hausdorff separation axioms in intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces, and study relationships between these spaces with the intuitionistic special topological spaces (X, τ0,1) and (X, τ 0,2) on one hand and intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces (X, τ1) and (X, τ2) on the other han

Fuzzy Neutrosophic Alpha m -Closed Sets in Fuzzy NeutrosophicTopological Spaces

In this paper, we state a new class of sets and called them fuzzy neutrosophic Alpha m-closed sets, and we prove some theorem related to this definition. Then, we investigate the relation between fuzzy neutrosophic Alpha m-closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic α closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic semi closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic pre closed sets. On the other hand, some properties of the fuzzy neutrosophic Alpha m-closed set are given

Fuzzy Neutrosophic Weakly-Generalized Closed Sets in Fuzzy Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

In this paper, we will define a new class of sets, called fuzzy neutrosophic weakly- generalized closed sets, then we proved some theorems related to this definition. After that, we studied some relations between fuzzy neutrosophic weakly-generalized closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic α closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic regular closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic pre closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic semi closed sets

Fuzzy Neutrosophic Weakly-Generalized Closed Sets in Fuzzy Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

In this paper, we will define a new class of sets, called fuzzy neutrosophic weakly- generalized closed sets, then we proved some theorems related to this definition. After that, we studied some relations between fuzzy neutrosophic weakly-generalized closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic α closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic regular closed sets, fuzzy neutrosophic pre closed sets and fuzzy neutrosophic semi closed sets

Robust kernel regression function with uncertain scale parameter for high dimensional ergodic data using k k -nearest neighbor estimation

In this paper, we consider a new method dealing with the problem of estimating the scoring function $\gamma_a$, with a constant $a$, in functional space and an unknown scale parameter under a nonparametric robust regression model. Based on the $k$ Nearest Neighbors ($k$NN) method, the primary objective is to prove the asymptotic normality aspect in the case of a stationary ergodic process of this estimator. We begin by establishing the almost certain convergence of a conditional distribution estimator. Then, we derive the almost certain convergence (with rate) of the conditional median (scale parameter estimator) and the asymptotic normality of the robust regression function, even when the scale parameter is unknown. Finally, the simulation and real-world data results reveal the consistency and superiority of our theoretical analysis in which the performance of the $k$NN estimator is comparable to that of the well-known kernel estimator, and it outperforms a nonparametric series (spline) estimator when there are irrelevant regressors

Correlation of FT-IR fingerprint and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Salak (Salacca zalacca) fruit extracts utilizing orthogonal partial least square

Salak fruit (Salacca zalacca), commonly known as snake fruit, is used indigenously as food and for medicinal applications in Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of salak fruit extracts in correlation to its Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) fingerprint, utilizing orthogonal partial least square. This calibration model was applied to develop a rapid analytical method tool for quality control of this fruit. A total of 36 extracts prepared with different solvent ratios of ethanol–water (100, 80, 60, 40.20, 0% v/v) and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities determined. The FT-IR spectra of ethanol–water extracts measured in the region of 400 and 4000 cm−1 at a resolution of 4 cm−1. Multivariate analysis with a combination of orthogonal partial least-squares (OPLS) algorithm was used to correlate the bioactivity of the samples with the FT-IR spectral data. The OPLS biplot model identified several functional groups (C–H, C=O, C–N, N–H, C–O, and C=C) which actively induced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

Association Between Chronic Renal Failure and Thyroid Hormone

Background: The idea of the study is to follow the relation between CR.E and thyroid hormones. Material and Methods: The levels of serum urea , creatinine ,total thyroxin (TT4) , Tri-iodothyronine (TT3) , free T4 (fT4) , freeT3 (fT3) and Thyrotropin (TSH) were measured in the serum of 80 Patients with varying grades of chronic renal failure (CRF) ; and 40 healthy individuals . They were divided into 3 groups  as : Group 1 containing 40 healthy individuals as control group; Group 2 containing 40 Patients on conservative management ; and Group 3 containing 40 Patients on Regular haemodialysis therapy.     Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between chronic renal failure and thyroid function.   Results: Groups 2 and 3 showed significant increased in urea and creatinine compared with control group ( P< 0.001) and significant decreased in TT4(P < 0.01) , TT3(P < 0.001) , fT4( P < 0.01) and fT3( P< 0.001) , whereas TSH values were not significantly altered .      Conclusions: Uremia is accompanied with endocrine disorders , due to impaired degradation of hormones , because of failed kidney functions and to the interference of the uremic environment with extra renal degradation or synthesis and secretion of certain hormones

Prevalence and zoonotic potential of canine hookworms in Malaysia

Background: Canine hookworm infection is endemic in Southeast Asian countries with a prevalence ranging from 70% to 100%, with zoonotic transmission representing a potentially significant public health concern. However, there are limited data available on the prevalence of canine hookworms in Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hookworm and Ancylostoma species among dogs in Malaysia. Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 221 dogs living in urban areas, rural areas and animal shelters in Selangor. Faecal samples were processed using the formal-ether concentration technique followed by wet mount preparation and iodine staining for the detection of hookworm eggs. Samples positive for hookworm eggs were examined using PCR, targeting ITS2 and 28 s rRNA region, and subsequently sequenced in both directions. The sequences were phylogenetically analysed using MrBayes for Bayesian Inference. Results: The overall prevalence of hookworm among dogs was 48% (95%CI; 41.41–54.95). Rural stray dogs had the highest prevalence 71.4% (95%CI; 61.13–81.49) followed by urban stray dogs, recording 48% (95%CI; 34.15–61.85) and lastly dogs in shelters with 28.7% (95%CI; 19.56–37.84). Logistic regression identified rural stray dogs as a high risk group (OR = 4.55, 95%; 2.50–8.31) and keeping dogs in shelters as a protective factor (OR = 0.24, 95%; 0.14–0.43). Molecular methods identified both Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum with A. ceylanicum being predominant among urban stray dogs. Rural dogs had a higher prevalence of A. caninum than A. ceylanicum, while both species showed equal distribution among dogs in shelters. Phylogenetic analysis placed A. ceylanicum isolated from dogs in one group with A. ceylanicum human isolates. Conclusion: This study indicates that dogs have the potential to act as reservoir hosts of human hookworm infection in Malaysia. This finding necessitates the inclusion of dogs in any interventions to combat hookworm in the country

Use of radiographic and histologic scores to evaluate cats with idiopathic megacolon grouped based on the duration of their clinical signs

Since the duration of clinical signs could be used to identify cases of chronic constipation, in addition, prolonged duration is often associated with irreversible changes. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine whether the duration of clinical signs of idiopathic megacolon in cats affected their diagnosis and prognosis after treatment. Medical records of cats that either had confirmed megacolon for an unknown cause (cat patients) or with normal bowels (control cats) were reviewed. Cat patients were grouped based on the duration of their clinical signs (constipation/obstipation) to cats &lt;6 months and ≥6 months. For all feline patients, abdominal radiographs (for colonic indexes) and resected colon specimens (for histology) were assessed vs. control cats. Treatment applied to cat patients was also evaluated. Cat patients were older (p = 0.0138) and had a higher maximum colon diameter (MCD; mean 41.25 vs. 21.67 mm, p &lt; 0.0001) and MCD/L5L ratio (1.77 vs. 0.98, p &lt; 0.0001) than controls. Compared to cats with &lt;6 months, cats ≥6 months showed a higher MCD (43.78 vs. 37.12 mm, p &lt; 0.0001) and MCD/L5L ratio (1.98 vs. 1.67, p &lt; 0.0001). Histologically, increased thickness of the smooth muscularis mucosa (54.1 vs. 22.33 μm, p &lt; 0.05), and inner circular (743.65 vs. 482.67 μm, p &lt; 0.05) and outer longitudinal (570.68 vs. 330.33 μm, p &lt; 0.05) smooth muscular layers of the muscularis externa was noted only in cat patients with ≥6 months compared to controls. Similarly, fewer ganglion cells (0.93 vs. 2.87, p &lt; 0.005) and more necrotized myocytes (2.25 vs. 0.07, p &lt; 0.005) were observed in cats with ≥6 months. In contrast to &lt;6 months, the majority of cats (94.4%) with ≥6 months duration did not show any response to medical treatment and therefore underwent surgery with favorable results. In conclusion, this study suggests that the duration of clinical signs should be considered in conjunction with maximal colon scores to evaluate cats for idiopathic megacolon and determine the level of treatment. Functional abnormalities of the colonic smooth muscles may be a possible cause of idiopathic megacolon in cats